Mohammed Hassan: July 2015

Karwar

Karwar is a city in Uttara Kannada district in the south indian state of Karnataka and the administrative centre of Uttara Kannada district.Karwar lies on the west coast of Southern India at the mouth of the Kali river. Its geography creates a natural harbour with protection against monsoon weather. Being a port town, Karwar is a centre for agriculture, some manufacturing and tourism.Etymology

Karwar "ಕಾರವಾರ" is known locally by the Konkani word, Konso-कोणसो, Marathi word "Kaarwan-कारवान"(meaning, corner, Kannadaword 'Kone', referring to the corner of the land mass before the Kali river). Karwar derived its name from the nearby village of Kadwad (Kade Wada, the last wado). Kade means last and wado means precinct or area. Before Indian independence, the nameKarwar was spelt Carwar. The name Baithkhol, is an Arabic term. Bait-e-kol, means bay of safety.

History

Karwar, at the mouth of the Kali river has long been recognized as a sheltered harbour and was used by Arab, Dutch, Portuguese, French and later British merchants. Ibn Battuta, the 14th century AD Moroccan explorer, visited Karwar.

The hill fort of Karwar, Fort Sadashivgad, was constructed on a defensive high point on the north bank of the river.

Kot Siveshvar, another fortress, was built near Karwar (in Siveshvar village) by the Sultan of Bijapur to counterattacks from the north. At the ruins of Fort Siveshvar are a Muslim graveyard and a tunnel at the eastern gate.

Portuguese traders knew Karwar as Cintacora, Chitrakul, Chittakula or Sindpur. In 1510, the Portuguese captured and burnt a fort at Karwar. They called it Fort Pir, Forte de Piro or Pito due to the presence of a Muslim Dargah (tomb of a Sufi saint, Shahkaramuddin). In the 17th century, refugees from Portuguese rule in Goa moved to Karwar.

In 1638 the English trading Courteen Association established a factory at Kadwad village, 6 km east of Karwar and traded with merchants from Arabia and Africa. The common commodities were muslin, black pepper, cardamom, cassier and coarse blue cotton cloth. In 1649 the Courteen Association merged with the British East India Company, and Karwar became a company town.

The East India Company built fighting ships in the Karwar harbour. For example, the Britannia (1715) which had 18 guns was built to defend Bombay from attacks by Maratha admiral Kanhoji Angre.

In the 1700s Karwar was part of the Maratha Empire. In 1784, at the time of the Treaty of Mangalore between Tipu Sultan and the East India Company, Karwar and Sadashivgad were spelt Carwar and Sadasewgude, respectively. After the defeat of the Marathas in the Third Anglo-Maratha War, Karwar fell to the British.

The Bengali poet and Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore, who visited Karwar in 1882, dedicated a chapter of his memoirs to this town.At 22 years, Tagore stayed with his second brother, Satyendranath Tagore, who was a district judge in Karwar.

From 1862 to the re-organisation of the states, Uttara Kannada district was part of the Bombay Presidency. During this time, major public works carried out included improvement of roads, building of a wharf, wharf road and a sea wall at the Karwar port as well as the construction of a multi-floor storage building, staff housing, a post office, kutcheri (kutcherries or zamindar's offices) and a Christian burial ground.

At the same time, the local Konkani-speaking people had close connections with Mumbai. Many Marathi middle schools were established in the Karwar and Joida taluks. Marathi films were released in Karwar. The visit of Marathi drama troupes from Mumbaiand Pune was an annual feature.

During World War II Karwar was an Indian Naval training site.

The local unit of the Maharashtra Ekikaran Samithi (MES) at Sadashivagad and its leaders including Vishnu Kalgutkar and Shivanand Rane joined the GSKEM and said they would dissolve the MES unit and fight for a merger of Karwar and Joida in Goa.

Geography

Karwar is a seaside city on the west coast of the Indian peninsula. To the east are the Western Ghats. Karwar is situated on the banks of the Kali river (Kali nadi) which flows west to the Arabian sea from its headwaters at Bidi village in the Western Ghats. The Kali river has a length of about 153 km and is the main source of irrigation for Karnataka. Karwar is 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south of theKarnataka - Goa border and 519 kilometres (322 mi) north-west of Bangalore, the capital city of Karnataka.

Baitkhol port at Karwar is a natural harbour with land side hills and ocean side islands protecting it from cyclonic weather. The four fathom mark lies close to the shore. The tidal range is 1.2 to 2.5m.

Biodiversity

Several small mangrove covered islands lie off the Kali river estuary including Anjadip Island and Devagadaguda Islands. The sub-tidal regions of the islands have a high biodiversity, although the waters off Karwar have recorded higher than normal faecal coliformcounts.

Climate[edit]

Karwar lies on a coastal strip known as the Monsoon Coast. Karwar has hot summers from March to May where the temperature may reach 37 °C. The Arabian Sea is warm throughout the year. Winters from December to February are very mild (24 °C and 32 °C). The windy monsoon period from June to September has an average rainfall of over 400 centimetres (160 in).

Karwar ಕಾರವಾರ
City
Coconut palms on the beach, Karwar
Karwar
Coordinates: 14.800°N 74.1300°ECoordinates: 14.800°N 74.1300°E
Country	India
State	Karnataka
District	Uttara Kannada
Government
• Commissioner	Shri Ujwal Kumar Ghosh
Area
• Total	27.9 km² (10.8 sq mi)
Elevation	6 m (20 ft)
Population (2011)^[1]
• Total	1,51,739
• Density	5,563.18/km²(14,408.6/sq mi)
Languages
• Official	Konkani, Kannada
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
PIN	581301
Telephone code	91-8382-XXX XXX
Vehicle registration	KA-30
Website	www.karwarcity.gov.in

Kali River and Sadashivgad fort as seen from Nandangadda village

Kurle Ambat (crab masala), a local dish


Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average high °C (°F)	32.8 (91)	33 (91)	33.5 (92.3)	34 (93)	33.3 (91.9)	29.7 (85.5)	28.2 (82.8)	28.4 (83.1)	29.5 (85.1)	30.9 (87.6)	32.3 (90.1)	32.8 (91)	31.53 (88.7)
Average low °C (°F)	20.8 (69.4)	21.8 (71.2)	23.6 (74.5)	25 (77)	25.1 (77.2)	24.4 (75.9)	24.9 (76.8)	24 (75)	24.1 (75.4)	24.1 (75.4)	24.4 (75.9)	24.2 (75.6)	23.87 (74.94)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	1.1 (0.043)	0.2 (0.008)	2.9 (0.114)	24.4 (0.961)	183.2 (7.213)	1,027.2 (40.441)	1,200.4 (47.26)	787.3 (30.996)	292.1 (11.5)	190.8 (7.512)	70.9 (2.791)	16.4 (0.646)	3,796.9 (149.485)

Demographics

The 2011 census The total population in Karwar is 77,139 as per the survey of census during 2011 by Indian Government.Karwar had an average literacy rate of 85%, higher than the national average of 74%: male literacy was 85%, and female literacy was 75%. In Karwar, 10% of the population were children under 6 years of age.

Language

Konkani is the main language of Karwar.^[10]Kannada, the official state language, is taught in schools and widely spoken after konkani and is also state language. Marathi is spoken in few spots due to border Hindi, Urdu and English are also used in casual conversation.

Border issues

Uttara Kannada district was originally been Kannada and konkani native land before Britishers came to India and then became part of Bombay Presidency during the British rule. Before reorganization of the States, the district was in Bombay State. The local Konkani-speaking people had close connections with Mumbai then. They had matrimonial relations also with the people in Bombay. Many Marathi-medium schools had also been established in Karwar and Joida taluks. Marathi films were released often in Karwar. The visit of Marathi drama troupes from Mumbai and Pune was an annual feature. However, Konkani-speaking people were disenchanted when Marathis began to claim that Konkani was a dialect of Marathi. They disputed it and asserted that Konkani had independent status as a language. It was the Konkani-speaking people led by late P.S. Kamat who argued before Mahajan Commission that Karwar was an integral part of Karnataka.

Religion

Most people in Karwar are Hindu. Christianity was introduced to Karwar by the British and by the Portuguese in Goa in the 17th and 18th centuries. Muslim seafaring traders migrated to Karwar from the Deccan (Bahamani) kingdoms. Karwar was called Baithkolmeaning the house of safety or "Bait-e-kol" meaning place of safety in Arabic. Muslim villages in Karwar include: Shiveshvar, Kadwad, Sunkeri, Chittakula, Sawar Pai and Hotegali. Islamic tradition holds that two brothers, descendants of Ali, the son in law ofMohammad, settled in Shiveshvar and made the village a place of Islamic learning. In Shiveshvar, there are three shrines dedicated to Muslim saints: Gaiby Pir, Nizam Pir and Shamshuddin pir-in Kot.

Economy

Primary industry

Karwar is an agricultural region. The common crops are rice, groundnuts, green vegetables, onions, watermelons and flowers. Other primary industries include animal husbandry, sericulture, horticulture, beekeeping, gathering and lumbering and the growing ofhomeopathic medicinal plants.

The coastal location of Karwar lends to fishing and fisheries which are concentrated in Harikanth, Konkan Kharvis, Gabiths and Ambigas. The common types of fish are mackerel, sardines, hardheads and prawns. Fishing is done from land with nets or from boats such as pandy (motor launch) and dhoni (dug out canoes). There is also mechanised trawling. The brackish water of the Kali estuary is suitable for prawn farming.

Secondary industry

Members of the Daivadnya Brahmin caste are engaged in jewellery design, manufacturing and goldsmithing. Leather works are common. In Binaga township, a chemical company Aditya Birla Chemicals Division (earlier owned by Ballarpur Industries Ltd / Solaris Chemtech), manufactures caustic soda, lye flakes, liquid and powdered chlorine, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, kestra pipes and bromine. Since 1638 when William Counten opened a mill, Karwar town has been a producer of fine muslin.

Tertiary industry

At Kaiga, 50 kilometres (31 mi), the Nuclear Power Corporation of India operates a nuclear power plant. The Kadra hydroelectric power corporation (K. P. C.) operates a dam between Kadra and Mallapur townships, approximately 33 kilometres (21 mi) from Karwar town.

Konkan railway

The Konkan railway connects Karwar to most major towns and cities. Karwar has three railway stations: Asnoti, Karwar (Shirwad) and Harwada. The nearest Goan station is Canacona, 36 km away. Madgaon station lies 68 km to the north.

INS Kadamba

Main article: INS Kadamba

The Indian Navy operates a naval base at a bay near Binaga township. It is the navy's third largest base. The base was founded as part of Project Seabird. Casurina beach near Binaga (now called Kamat Bay) and Arga beach were incorporated into naval property. The public has access to the base during Navy Week in December and in visiting educational groups. The naval base includes a civilian support community at Amadalli, a ship lift and an hospital. INS Kadamba is the homeport of India's largest aircraft carrier INS Vikramaditya.

Port

Karwar beach looking towards Madlimgadh and Kurumgad Islands

Karwar port is located at Baithkol, Karwar Bay. Hills and coastal islands make the port a natural harbour, sheltered from the Arabian sea. The port which is operated by the Government of Karnataka, services the hinterland of northern Karnataka, Goa and southern Maharashtra.

The length of the port is 355 metres (388 yd). The quay has two berths, with a draft capacity of 9.25 metres (30.3 ft). Karwar port also berths coastal vessels and there is a jetty for fishing vessels.The Government of Karnataka has planned to develop Karwar port on a Public Private Partnership (PPP) basis to provide six additional berths, a container terminal, and a rail link to Shirwad railway station.

The port is able to handle all types of commodities, including "B" and "C" class petroleum products. There port has liquid storage tanks for bitumen, furnace oil, molasses, and HSD. A ban of iron ore mining and export in Karnataka state reduced congestion at the port. The port has arrangements for berthing coastal vessels, and a jetty for fishing boats.

In 2012 the Government of Karnataka carried out maintenance dredging in the port, the approach channel and the nearby anchorage. The port may be closed from 16 May to 15 September (the monsoon season). Part of the 2008 Hindi film Golmaal Returns was filmed at Karwar port.

Tourism

Rabindranath Tagore beach

Tagore beach

"The sea beach of Karwar is certainly a fit place in which to realize that the beauty of Nature is not a mirage of the imagination, but reflects the joy of the Infinite and thus draws us to lose ourselves in it. Where the universe is expressing itself in the magic of its laws it may not be strange if we miss its infinitude; but where the heart gets into immediate touch with immensity in the beauty of the meanest of things, is any room left for argument?" - Rabindranath Tagore

Places of interest

Seaside

· Binaga beach

· Devbagh beach

· Kali bridge

· Karwar beach

· Kurumgad island

· Majali beach

· Oyster Rock Lighthouse, a round white masonry construction with red trim protects ships from the rocks of Devgad Island, the largest off the Kali Estuary.

· Tilmatti beach

Hinterland

Anshi national park

· Chaitanya park

· Chendia and Nagarmadi falls (a small waterfall which passes under a large rock)

· Devkar falls

· Guddahalli peak

· Habbu mountain

· Hyder Ghat pass

· Mudgeri dam

· Shirve Ghat

Historic sites

· Kot Shiveshvar

· Sadashivgad Fort

· Shahkaramuddin dargah, Sadashivgad (tomb of a Sufi saint)

· Maritime museum

Culture

Cuisine

Karwar is known for its seafood cuisine. Fish curry, with cashews, coconut and rice is a staple dish. Kawar curries use ginger and turmeric but not always garlic. Kurle and sungta ambat: crab and shrimp prepared in coconut, red chillies and tamarind paste.

· Kalwa sukka: rock oysters with coconut, red chillies and tamarind paste.

· Tisaryachi ekshipi: unshelled clams.

· Masli kadi: fish with coconut gravy.

· Miri phanas chi bhaji: breadfruit (videshi fanas) cooked with grated coconut, spices and shellfish or shrimp.

· Shagoti: chicken or mutton cooked in coconut gravy and shagoti masala.

· Sukhe niste: dried, salted fish such as mackerel (bangada), Bombay duck (bombil), and sardines (tarle).

· Paez: parboiled rice (ukhde tandul) with ambat or masli kadi.

· Sutryan: boiled rice shaped into a disc or vada-like form with prawn (zinge) gravy.

· Kakadi chi roti

· Ghanshya and terya shak

· Luckha sukka: chilly squid

· Mungachi kheer

· Sakhroli

· Ghavane: rice dosa (Neer Dosa)

· Bhaje ambat

· Shevaya: vermicelli rice with coconut milk and jaggery.

· Patoli: a sweet steamed stuffed turmeric leaves.

· Bhinda kadi: a drink prepared from kokum fruit.

Local Festivals

· Kurumgad jatra

· Sao Jao where garlands of freshly picked fruits leaves and flowers are worn and people jump into wells, ponds, rivers, and lakes.

· Anjedweep island festival

· Karavali Utsav, an annual three of four day festival at Tagore beach, Rabindranath. It is organised by the Uttara Kannada District Administration as a cultural and social event. Many shops and stalls are installed at Tagore beach. People from all parts of the district and from all over the state and neighboring Goa state attend. Many cultural events are held in the evenings where regional, national and international artists including Bollywood stars, Kannada film stars, Goan artists and local artists perform.

· Karwar utsav in summer season where local artistes and celebrities come and perform.

Media

Media outlets include:

· Karwar eNews, online local newspaper.^[17]

· Karavali Munjavu, Kannada language daily newspaper.^[18]

· Zilla Varta Kendra media centre.

· District Library, near the district court and next to Mitra Samaj.

· All India Radio (Akashwani Kendra), Gurumath Road, Kajubag.

· Real TV's reality show, Sarkaar Ki Duniya was filmed at Ambe Joog island.

Notable residents

· Rama Raghoba Rane, (1918 - 1994), Chendia. The only Param Vir Chakra Award winner the Karnataka state.

· Jayshree Gadkar, a Marathi movie actress of the 1960s, born to a Konkani speaking family in Kanasgiri village near Sadashivgad.

Villages of Karwar Taluk

Karwar Taluk (Tehsil) comprises the following blocks or villages:

· Ambrai

· Amdalli

· Angadi

· Arga

· Asnoti

· Baad

· Baitkol

· Balni

· Bhaire

· Bhandishitta

· Binaga

· Birtulbag

· Bore

· Chendia

· Devabag

· Gopashitta

· Gotegali

· Halebag

· Halekote

· Halga

· Hankon

· Hapkarni

· Harwada

· Hosali

· Hotegali

· Kadra

· Kadwad

· Kaiga

· Kajubag

· Kalaswada

· Karkal

· Kathinkon

· Kerwadi

· Kharga

· Kinner

· Kodibag

· Kolage

· Kunnipet

· Lower Makeri

· Majali, Karnataka

· Mallapur

· Mudgeri

· Nandangadda

· Nargeri

· Sadashivgad

· Sakalbalni

· Sanmudageri

· Shejebag

Mohammed Hassan

Thursday 30 July 2015

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